21.2 Water Remediation

335

Treatment

(Impregnation

technique)

Biopolymeric

materials

Nanomaterials

Nanobiopolymers

K⁺

Ca²⁺

Essential

components

DNA

damage

Inactivation of

pathogens

&

Removal of

organic

pollutants

and dye

degradation

Figure 21.1

Application of polymeric nanocomposites for the removal of various toxic

metal ions, dyes, and microorganism from polluted sites.

material act as the active sites; hence, it can be used as an adsorbent for the removal

of heavy metals and dye molecules [22].

Mansur and Mansur [23] have reported the development of nano-photocatalyst

(chitosan-based quantum dots and ZnS) for effective removal of methylene blue

dye. Biopolymeric nanocomposites comprising of TiO2/Ag hybrid incorporated in

carboxymethyl cellulase and gelatin have illustrated improved photocatalytic activ-

ity toward benzene and NH3 present in the chemical structure of organic pollu-

tants [24]. Sathiyavimal et al. [25] have reported the preparation of chitosan-copper

oxide (CS-CuO) nanocomposites via green route using Psidium guajava plant leaf

extract and its ability in effective removal of industrial dye as well as killing bacteria.

Amphoteric chitosan-TiO2 bionanocomposites exhibited excellent catalytic activity

in the degradation of malachite green under visible light [26].

Kora and Rastogi [27] have reported a facile, one pot synthesis of palladium

nanoparticles via green route using glucurono arabino-galactan polymer, gum

olibanum for the removal of anthropogenic dyestuff, and this material can be even

extended for the removal of other toxic, mutagenic, and microorganisms. Similarly,

nanobiopolymer comprising of gelatin-Zr(IV) phosphate nanocomposite prepared

via sol–gel method was found effective in killing of Escherichia coli as well as in the

removal of fast green (89.91%) and methylene blue (87.81%) dyes within five hours.

Elfeky et al. [28] have developed a multifunctional cellulose nanocrystal/metal